DevXperts - Expert's Voice in Programming

Border less Entry in Xamarin Forms

September 20, 2018 admin847785456 1 Comment

Introduction:

In Xamarin Forms Entry control allows a single line of text to be edited. This article demonstrates how to create a custom renderer for the Entry control, enabling developers to override the default native rendering with their own platform-specific customization.

Custom Renderer:

This sample demonstrates a custom renderer for the Entry control, “Enabling developers to override the default native rendering” with their own platform-specific customization.
Custom renderers provide a powerful approach for customizing the appearance and behavior of Xamarin Forms controls. They can be used for small styling changes or sophisticated platform-specific layout and behavior customization.

Step1: Create the Mobile App (Xamarin Forms) Project

Open VisualStudio 2017 File New Project Choose Cross-Platform Template Choose MobileApp (Xamarin.Forms ) Name it as BorderLessEntry Click on OK Choose .NetStanderd Click OK

Step2: Creating CustomEntry.cs

Go to project BorderLessEntry Right Click Add Class CustomEntry.cs

File Name: CustomEntry.cs

A custom Entry can be created by subclassing the Entry control, as shown in the following code

namespace BorderlessEntry
{
//Here we are taking Custom Entry as Entry type. Which means it will have same properties as Entry
    class CustomEntry:Entry
    {
    }
}

namespace BorderlessEntry

{

//Here we are taking Custom Entry as Entry type. Which means it will have same properties as Entry

class CustomEntry:Entry

{

}

The CustomEntry control is created in the .NET Standard library project and is simply an Entry control. Customization of the control will be carried out in the custom renderer, so no additional implementation is required in the CustomEntry control.

Step 3: Create a class in the Android directory and name it as CustomRenderer.cs

Go to BorderlessEntry.Android Right Click Add Class CustomRenderer.cs

File Name: CustomRenderer.cs

[assembly: ExportRenderer(typeof(CustomEntry), typeof(CustomRenderer))]
namespace BorderlessEntry.Droid
{
   public class CustomRenderer: EntryRenderer
    {
        protected override void OnElementChanged(ElementChangedEventArgs<Entry> e)
        {
            base.OnElementChanged(e);

            if (e.OldElement == null)
            {
                GradientDrawable gd = new GradientDrawable();
                gd.SetColor(global::Android.Graphics.Color.Transparent);

//The above line indicates the Entry Line for Entry

                this.Control.SetBackgroundDrawable(gd);
                this.Control.SetRawInputType(InputTypes.TextFlagNoSuggestions);
                Control.SetHintTextColor(ColorStateList.ValueOf(global::Android.Graphics.Color.DarkGray));
//The above line of code indicates the Text Color for Entry form. we can change according to our requirement’s
            }
        }
    }

[assembly: ExportRenderer(typeof(CustomEntry), typeof(CustomRenderer))]

namespace BorderlessEntry.Droid

{

public class CustomRenderer: EntryRenderer

{

protected override void OnElementChanged(ElementChangedEventArgs<Entry> e)

{

base.OnElementChanged(e);

if (e.OldElement == null)

{

GradientDrawable gd = new GradientDrawable();

gd.SetColor(global::Android.Graphics.Color.Transparent);

//The above line indicates the Entry Line for Entry

this.Control.SetBackgroundDrawable(gd);

this.Control.SetRawInputType(InputTypes.TextFlagNoSuggestions);

Control.SetHintTextColor(ColorStateList.ValueOf(global::Android.Graphics.Color.DarkGray));

//The above line of code indicates the Text Color for Entry form. we can change according to our requirement’s

}

Brief Explanation of the above Code:

[assembly: ExportRenderer(typeof(CustomEntry), typeof(CustomRenderer))]

1	[assembly: ExportRenderer(typeof(CustomEntry), typeof(CustomRenderer))]

Here Added the ASSEMBLY attribute it means like Declarations

CustomEntry is the name of the placeholder class in your common (PCL or Shared) Forms library.
ExportRenderer is the name of the actual platform specific implementation class in your iOS/Android/WP

Essentially, telling Forms, “When you need to render CustomEntry on Platform X, use the class CustomRenderer”

Create a subclass of the EntryRenderer class that renders the native control.
Override the OnElementChangedmethod that renders the native control and write logic to customize the control. This method is called when the corresponding Xamarin.Forms control is created.
Added an ExportRendererattribute to the custom renderer class to specify that it will be used to render the Xamarin Forms control. This attribute is used to register the custom renderer with Xamarin Forms.

Step 4: Create UI for Border less Entry

File Name: MainPage.xaml

I have taken example as Registration Form for better Understand

Here we have to declare the Local Reference namespace in MainPage.xaml

 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:BorderlessEntry"

1	xmlns:local="clr-namespace:BorderlessEntry"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:BorderlessEntry"
             x:Class="BorderlessEntry.MainPage" BackgroundColor="#1C70D3">
    <StackLayout Padding="20,60,20,0" Spacing="30">
        <Label Text=" REGISTRATION FORM" FontSize="23" FontAttributes="Bold" TextColor="White" HorizontalTextAlignment="Center" VerticalOptions="Start"/>
        <Grid RowSpacing="15" >
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Text="Name" TextColor="White" FontFamily="Roboto" FontSize="18" VerticalTextAlignment="Center"/>
            <Label Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Text="First Name" TextColor="White" FontFamily="Roboto" FontSize="18" VerticalTextAlignment="Center"/>
            <Label Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Text="Last Name" TextColor="White" FontFamily="Roboto" FontSize="18" VerticalTextAlignment="Center"/>
            <Label Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Text="Father Name" TextColor="White" FontFamily="Roboto" FontSize="18" VerticalTextAlignment="Center"/>
            <Label Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="0" Text="Gmail" TextColor="White" FontFamily="Roboto" FontSize="18" VerticalTextAlignment="Center"/>
            <Label Grid.Row="5" Grid.Column="0" Text="Mobile No" TextColor="White" FontFamily="Roboto" FontSize="18" VerticalTextAlignment="Center"/>


            <local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />
            <local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your First Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />
            <local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Last Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />
            <local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Father Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />
            <local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Gmail" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />
            <local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="5" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Mobile No"  FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />
        </Grid>
        <Button Text="SUBMIT" TextColor="White" BackgroundColor="SkyBlue" FontSize="18" VerticalOptions="StartAndExpand"></Button>
    </StackLayout>

</ContentPage>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"

xmlns:local="clr-namespace:BorderlessEntry"

x:Class="BorderlessEntry.MainPage" BackgroundColor="#1C70D3">

<Grid.RowDefinitions>

</Grid.RowDefinitions>

<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

<local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />

<local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your First Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />

<local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Last Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />

<local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Father Name" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />

<local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Gmail" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />

<local:CustomEntry Grid.Row="5" Grid.Column="1" Placeholder="Enter Your Mobile No" FontFamily="Roboto" TextColor="Blue" BackgroundColor="White" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand" />

</Grid>

</StackLayout>

</ContentPage>

Output: Tadaa, here is the expected output

Pinch and Pan Image in Xamarin Forms

September 17, 2018September 17, 2018 admin847785456 4 Comments

ZoomImage (PINCH and PAN) In Xamarin Forms

Step1: Create the Mobile App (Xamarin Forms) Project

Open VisualStudio 2017 File New Project Choose Cross-Platform Template Choose MobileApp (Xamarin.Forms ) Name it as ZoomImageApp Click on OK Chose .NetStanderd Click OK

Step2: Creating DoubleExtension.cs

Go to PCF file In ZoomImageApp Right Click Add Class DoubleExtention.cs

File Name: DoubleExtensions.cs

namespace ZoomImageApp
{
    public static class DoubleExtensions
    {
        public static double Clamp(this double self, double min, double max)
        {
            return Math.Min(max, Math.Max(self, min));
        }
    }
}

namespace ZoomImageApp

{

public static class DoubleExtensions

{

public static double Clamp(this double self, double min, double max)

{

return Math.Min(max, Math.Max(self, min));

}

Step 3: Creating Pinch & Pan Container

Create a class in the root directory and name it as PinchAndPanContainer.cs

File Name: PinchAndPanContainer.cs

namespace ZoomImageApp
{
    public class PinchAndPanContainer : ContentView
    {
        double currentScale = 1;
        double startScale = 1;
        double xOffset = 0;
        double yOffset = 0;

   // In this class we are Initialization the Gesture Recognizers for the particular property
        public PinchAndPanContainer()
        {
            PinchGestureRecognizer pinchGesture = new PinchGestureRecognizer();
            pinchGesture.PinchUpdated += PinchGesture_PinchUpdated;
            GestureRecognizers.Add(pinchGesture);

           //Rises the OnPanUpdated Event
            var panGesture = new PanGestureRecognizer();
            panGesture.PanUpdated += OnPanUpdated;
            GestureRecognizers.Add(panGesture);
        }

        private void PinchGesture_PinchUpdated(object sender, PinchGestureUpdatedEventArgs e)
        {
/* Storing the current Scale Factor of both Horizontal and Vertical Orientations with Anchor X an Anchor         Y This defines the Centralization of any image to the particular Orientations. */

            if (e.Status == GestureStatus.Started)
            {
                // We Store the current scale factor applied to the wrapped user interface element,
                // and zero the components for the center point of the translate transform.

                startScale = Content.Scale;
                Content.AnchorX = 0;
                Content.AnchorY = 0;
            }

            if (e.Status == GestureStatus.Running)
            {
                // Calculate the scale factor to be applied.
                currentScale += (e.Scale - 1) * startScale;
                currentScale = Math.Max(1, currentScale);

                // The ScaleOrigin is in relative coordinates to the wrapped user interface element,
                // so get the X pixel coordinate.
                double renderedX = Content.X + xOffset;
                double deltaX = renderedX / Width;
                double deltaWidth = Width / (Content.Width * startScale);
                double originX = (e.ScaleOrigin.X - deltaX) * deltaWidth;

                // The ScaleOrigin is in relative coordinates to the wrapped user interface element,
                // so get the Y pixel coordinate.
                double renderedY = Content.Y + yOffset;
                double deltaY = renderedY / Height;
                double deltaHeight = Height / (Content.Height * startScale);
                double originY = (e.ScaleOrigin.Y - deltaY) * deltaHeight;
	
//With the Above X-Pixel coordinate and Y-Pixel coordinate we can calculate the Width and Height 
                // calculate the transformed element pixel coordinates.
                double targetX = xOffset - (originX * Content.Width) * (currentScale - startScale);
                double targetY = yOffset - (originY * Content.Height) * (currentScale - startScale);

                // Apply translation based on the change in origin.
                Content.TranslationX = targetX.Clamp(-Content.Width * (currentScale - 1), 0);
                Content.TranslationY = targetY.Clamp(-Content.Height * (currentScale - 1), 0);

                // Apply scale factor.
                Content.Scale = currentScale;
            }

            if (e.Status == GestureStatus.Completed)
            {
                // Store the translation delta's of the wrapped user interface element.
                xOffset = Content.TranslationX;
                yOffset = Content.TranslationY;
            }
        }

        public void OnPanUpdated(object sender, PanUpdatedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (Content.Scale == 1)
            {
                return;
            }

            switch (e.StatusType)
            {
                case GestureStatus.Running:
                    // Translate and ensure we don't pan beyond the wrapped user interface element bounds.

                    double newX = (e.TotalX * Scale) + xOffset;
                    double newY = (e.TotalY * Scale) + yOffset;

                    double width = (Content.Width * Content.Scale);
                    double height = (Content.Height * Content.Scale);

                    bool canMoveX = width > App.ScreenWidth;
                    bool canMoveY = height > App.ScreenHeight;

// In the Below Code we r Pinching  the Image for the Particular Corner with MoveX and MoveY  interface    element bounds.

                    if (canMoveX)
                    {
                        double minX = (width - (App.ScreenWidth / 2)) * -1;
                        double maxX = Math.Min(App.ScreenWidth / 2, width / 2);

                        if (newX < minX)
                        {
                            newX = minX;
                        }

                        if (newX > maxX)
                        {
                            newX = maxX;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        newX = 0;
                    }

                    if (canMoveY)
                    {
                        double minY = (height - (App.ScreenHeight / 2)) * -1;
                        double maxY = Math.Min(App.ScreenHeight / 2, height / 2);

                        if (newY < minY)
                        {
                            newY = minY;
                        }

                        if (newY > maxY)
                        {
                            newY = maxY;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        newY = 0;
                    }

                    Content.TranslationX = newX;
                    Content.TranslationY = newY;
                    break;
                case GestureStatus.Completed:
                    // Store the translation applied during the pan
// here we r finally panning the particular image 
                    xOffset = Content.TranslationX;
                    yOffset = Content.TranslationY;
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

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namespace ZoomImageApp

{

public class PinchAndPanContainer : ContentView

{

double currentScale = 1;

double startScale = 1;

double xOffset = 0;

double yOffset = 0;

// In this class we are Initialization the Gesture Recognizers for the particular property

public PinchAndPanContainer()

{

PinchGestureRecognizer pinchGesture = new PinchGestureRecognizer();

pinchGesture.PinchUpdated += PinchGesture_PinchUpdated;

GestureRecognizers.Add(pinchGesture);

//Rises the OnPanUpdated Event

var panGesture = new PanGestureRecognizer();

panGesture.PanUpdated += OnPanUpdated;

GestureRecognizers.Add(panGesture);

}

private void PinchGesture_PinchUpdated(object sender, PinchGestureUpdatedEventArgs e)

{

/* Storing the current Scale Factor of both Horizontal and Vertical Orientations with Anchor X an Anchor Y This defines the Centralization of any image to the particular Orientations. */

if (e.Status == GestureStatus.Started)

{

// We Store the current scale factor applied to the wrapped user interface element,

// and zero the components for the center point of the translate transform.

startScale = Content.Scale;

Content.AnchorX = 0;

Content.AnchorY = 0;

}

if (e.Status == GestureStatus.Running)

{

// Calculate the scale factor to be applied.

currentScale += (e.Scale - 1) * startScale;

currentScale = Math.Max(1, currentScale);

// The ScaleOrigin is in relative coordinates to the wrapped user interface element,

// so get the X pixel coordinate.

double renderedX = Content.X + xOffset;

double deltaX = renderedX / Width;

double deltaWidth = Width / (Content.Width * startScale);

double originX = (e.ScaleOrigin.X - deltaX) * deltaWidth;

// The ScaleOrigin is in relative coordinates to the wrapped user interface element,

// so get the Y pixel coordinate.

double renderedY = Content.Y + yOffset;

double deltaY = renderedY / Height;

double deltaHeight = Height / (Content.Height * startScale);

double originY = (e.ScaleOrigin.Y - deltaY) * deltaHeight;

//With the Above X-Pixel coordinate and Y-Pixel coordinate we can calculate the Width and Height

// calculate the transformed element pixel coordinates.

double targetX = xOffset - (originX * Content.Width) * (currentScale - startScale);

double targetY = yOffset - (originY * Content.Height) * (currentScale - startScale);

// Apply translation based on the change in origin.

Content.TranslationX = targetX.Clamp(-Content.Width * (currentScale - 1), 0);

Content.TranslationY = targetY.Clamp(-Content.Height * (currentScale - 1), 0);

// Apply scale factor.

Content.Scale = currentScale;

}

if (e.Status == GestureStatus.Completed)

{

// Store the translation delta's of the wrapped user interface element.

xOffset = Content.TranslationX;

yOffset = Content.TranslationY;

}

public void OnPanUpdated(object sender, PanUpdatedEventArgs e)

{

if (Content.Scale == 1)

{

return;

}

switch (e.StatusType)

{

case GestureStatus.Running:

// Translate and ensure we don't pan beyond the wrapped user interface element bounds.

double newX = (e.TotalX * Scale) + xOffset;

double newY = (e.TotalY * Scale) + yOffset;

double width = (Content.Width * Content.Scale);

double height = (Content.Height * Content.Scale);

bool canMoveX = width > App.ScreenWidth;

bool canMoveY = height > App.ScreenHeight;

// In the Below Code we r Pinching the Image for the Particular Corner with MoveX and MoveY interface element bounds.

if (canMoveX)

{

double minX = (width - (App.ScreenWidth / 2)) * -1;

double maxX = Math.Min(App.ScreenWidth / 2, width / 2);

if (newX < minX)

{

newX = minX;

}

if (newX > maxX)

{

newX = maxX;

}

else

{

newX = 0;

}

if (canMoveY)

{

double minY = (height - (App.ScreenHeight / 2)) * -1;

double maxY = Math.Min(App.ScreenHeight / 2, height / 2);

if (newY < minY)

{

newY = minY;

}

if (newY > maxY)

{

newY = maxY;

}

else

{

newY = 0;

}

Content.TranslationX = newX;

Content.TranslationY = newY;

break;

case GestureStatus.Completed:

// Store the translation applied during the pan

// here we r finally panning the particular image

xOffset = Content.TranslationX;

yOffset = Content.TranslationY;

break;

}

Step 5: Copy any source image to Zoom it.

Go to ZoomimageApp.Android Resources Drawable In my case I’ve taken slip.png

Step 6: Creating UI for Pinch & Pan Container

File: MainPage.xaml

<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ZoomImageApp"
             x:Class="ZoomImageApp.MainPage">
    <StackLayout Padding="10,40,10,10" >
        <!--For ZOOMING the image-->
        <ScrollView>           
                <local:PinchAndPanContainer>
                    <local:PinchAndPanContainer.Content>
                        <Image Source="slip3.png" />
                    </local:PinchAndPanContainer.Content>
                </local:PinchAndPanContainer>          
        </ScrollView>
        
        <StackLayout  Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalOptions="CenterAndExpand"   Padding="15" >
            <Label Text="This Is Pinch and Pan for any image" FontSize="20" VerticalTextAlignment="Center"/>
        </StackLayout>
    </StackLayout>
</ContentPage>

<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"

xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ZoomImageApp"

x:Class="ZoomImageApp.MainPage">

<local:PinchAndPanContainer>

<local:PinchAndPanContainer.Content>

</local:PinchAndPanContainer.Content>

</local:PinchAndPanContainer>

</ScrollView>

</StackLayout>

</ContentPage>

Output: Tadaaa, Run the program Ctrl+F5

XPath Selenium Selectors

August 4, 2018August 4, 2018 admin847785456 Leave a comment

XPath Selenium Selectors

We can find the location of any element on a web page using XML path expressions. The basic syntax for XPath is shown below:

Syntax = //tagname[@attribute=’Value‘]

1	Syntax = //tagname[@attribute=’Value‘]

Example = //input[@id=’user-message‘]

Absolute and Relative XPath

Generally, in some test automation engineer interviews, I asked the difference between absolute and relative XPath. Actually, it is the answer is very easy.

Absolute XPath

It is a direct way to locate an element.
It is very brittle.
Starts with single slash “/” that means starting to search from the root.

Example: /html/body/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/form/div/input

Relative XPath

Starts from the middle of the HTML DOM.
Starts with a double slash “//” that means it can start to search anywhere in the DOM structure.
Shorter than Absolute XPath.
Less fragile.

Example: //div[@class=’form-group’]//input[@id=’user-message’]

Example: //*[@class=’panel-body’]//li[contains(text(),’entered in input field’)]

Writing Smart XPaths for Complex and Dynamic Elements

1) Writing XPath with Tag & Attribute & Value Trio

Syntax: //tag[@attribute=’value‘]

1	Syntax: //tag[@attribute=’value‘]

Example: //input[@id, ‘user-message’]

Examples:

Xpath = //input[@type=’send text’]
Xpath = //label[@id=’clkBtn’]
Xpath = //input[@value=’SEND’]
Xpath = //*[@class=’Google’]
        –> “*” means, search “Googlepage” class for all tags.
Xpath = //a[@href=’https://www.google.co.in/’]
Xpath = //img[@src=’cdn.medianova.com/images/img_59c4334feaa6d.png’]

Xpath = //input[@type=’send text’]

Xpath = //label[@id=’clkBtn’]

Xpath = //input[@value=’SEND’]

Xpath = //*[@class=’Google’]

–> “*” means, search “Googlepage” class for all tags.

Xpath = //a[@href=’https://www.google.co.in/’]

Xpath = //img[@src=’cdn.medianova.com/images/img_59c4334feaa6d.png’]

2) Writing XPath with contains()

It is very handy XPath Selenium locator and sometimes it saves the life of a test automation engineer. When an attribute of an element is dynamic, then you can use contains() for the constant part of the web element but also you can use contains() in any condition when you need.

Syntax: //tag[contains(@attribute, ‘value‘)]

1	Syntax: //tag[contains(@attribute, ‘value‘)]

Example: //input[contains(@id, ‘er-messa’)]

Examples:

XPath = //*[contains(@name,’btnClk’)]
–> It searches “btnClk” for all name attributes in the DOM.

XPath = //*[contains(text(),’here’)]
–> It searches the text “here” in the DOM.

XPath = //*[contains(@href,’swtestacademy.com’)]
–> It searches “swtestacademy.com” link in the DOM.

XPath = //*[contains(@name,’btnClk’)]

–> It searches “btnClk” for all name attributes in the DOM.

XPath = //*[contains(text(),’here’)]

–> It searches the text “here” in the DOM.

XPath = //*[contains(@href,’swtestacademy.com’)]

–> It searches “swtestacademy.com” link in the DOM.

3) Writing XPath with starts-with

This method checks the starting text of an attribute. It is very handy to use when the attribute value changes dynamically but also you can use this method for non-changing attribute values.

Syntax: //tag[starts-with(@attribute, ‘value‘)]

1	Syntax: //tag[starts-with(@attribute, ‘value‘)]

Example: //input[starts-with(@id, ‘user’)]

4) Writing XPath with Chained XPaths Declerations

We can chain multiple relative XPath declarations with “//” double slash to find an element location as shown below.

Example: //div[@class=’form-group’]//input[@id=’user-message’]

5) Writing XPath with “and“ Statement

In this method, we use two interrogation conditions such as A and B and return a result-set as shown below:

Syntax: //tag[XPath Statement-1 and XPath Statement-2]

1	Syntax: //tag[XPath Statement-1 and XPath Statement-2]

Example: //*[@id=’user-message’ and @class=’form-control’]

6) Writing XPath with text()

We can find an element with its exact text.

Syntax: //tag[text()=’text value‘]

1	Syntax: //tag[text()=’text value‘]

Example: .//label[text()=’Enter message’]

$emit, $broadcast, $on – Part2

July 10, 2018July 10, 2018 admin847785456 1 Comment

$emit: It dispatches an event name upwards through the scope hierarchy and notify to the registered $rootScope.Scope listeners. The event life cycle starts at the scope on which $emit was called. The event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners cancels it.

$broadcast: It dispatches an event name downwards to all child scopes (and their children) and notify to the registered $rootScope.Scope listeners. The event life cycle starts at the scope on which $broadcast was called. All listeners for the event on this scope get notified. Afterwards, the event traverses downwards toward the child scopes and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.

$on: It listen on events of a given type. It can catch the event dispatched by $broadcast and $emit.

<body ng-app="myApp">

   <div ng-controller="parentController1" style="border:2px solid #fed844; padding:5px;">

       <p>{{parentmessage}}</p>

       <div ng-controller="parentController2" style="border:2px solid #fed844; padding:5px;">

           <p>{{parentmessage}}</p>

           <div ng-controller="myController" style="border:2px solid #000000;padding:5px;">

               <p> <button ng-click="EmitMessage()">Emit Message</button> <button ng-click="BroadcastMessage()">Broadcast Message</button></p>

               <div ng-controller="childController1" style="border:2px solid #428bca;padding:5px;">

                   <p>{{childmessage}}</p>

                   <div ng-controller="childController2" style="border:2px solid #428bca;padding:5px;">

                       <p>{{childmessage}}</p>

                   </div>

               </div>               

           </div>

       </div>

   </div>

</body>

<p>{{parentmessage}}</p>

<p>{{parentmessage}}</p>

<p> <button ng-click="EmitMessage()">Emit Message</button> <button ng-click="BroadcastMessage()">Broadcast Message</button></p>

<p>{{childmessage}}</p>

<p>{{childmessage}}</p>

</div>

</body>

And now creating the script, here myController is the controller which is going to emit/broadcast an event with some arguments.
parentController1, parentController2 will listen to event which is dispatched from myController by $broadcast.
childController1, childController2 will listen to event which is dispatched from myController by $emit.

<script>

    var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

    app.controller("parentController1", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

        $scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

            $scope.parentmessage = args.mymessage + " to Parent Controller-1";

        });

    }])

    app.controller("parentController2", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

        $scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

            $scope.parentmessage = args.mymessage + " to Parent Controller-2";

        });

    }])

    app.controller("myController", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

        $scope.EmitMessage = function () {

            $scope.$emit("myEvent", {mymessage:"Emitted message"});

        };

        $scope.BroadcastMessage = function () {

            $scope.$broadcast("myEvent", { mymessage: "Broadcasted message" });

        };

    }])

    app.controller("childController1", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

        $scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

            $scope.childmessage = args.mymessage+" to Child Controller-1";

        });

    }])

    app.controller("childController2", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

        $scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

            $scope.childmessage = args.mymessage + " to Child Controller-2";

        });

    }])

</script>

var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

app.controller("parentController1", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

$scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

$scope.parentmessage = args.mymessage + " to Parent Controller-1";

});

}])

app.controller("parentController2", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

$scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

$scope.parentmessage = args.mymessage + " to Parent Controller-2";

});

}])

app.controller("myController", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

$scope.EmitMessage = function () {

$scope.$emit("myEvent", {mymessage:"Emitted message"});

};

$scope.BroadcastMessage = function () {

$scope.$broadcast("myEvent", { mymessage: "Broadcasted message" });

};

}])

app.controller("childController1", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

$scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

$scope.childmessage = args.mymessage+" to Child Controller-1";

});

}])

app.controller("childController2", ["$scope", function ($scope) {

$scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

$scope.childmessage = args.mymessage + " to Child Controller-2";

});

}])

</script>

output

In this example we have used $scope context to $emit/$broadcast the events, and $on has listened all the events by using $scope.$on().
Now if we have used $rootscrope context to $emit/$broadcast, it will not work same as that works with $scope.
Because $rootscope is the parent scope and it doesn’t have any parent, when we emit using $rootscope.$emit(), only $rootscope.$on() can listen to that events. Whereas when we broadcast using $rootscope.$broadcast(), all the $rootscope.$on() and $scope.$on() can listen to that event.

Cancelling Events:

Canelling event is possible when event is emitted, but we cannont cancel the event when it is broadcasted.

If the event is dispatched by using $scope.$emit( ) then any of the $rootscope/$scope listeners can cacel it.
If the event is dispatched by using $rootscope.$emit() then any of the $rootscope listeners can cancel it.

$scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

            event.stopPropagation();   
        
});

$scope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

event.stopPropagation();

});

$rootscope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

            event.stopPropagation();   
         
});

$rootscope.$on("myEvent", function (event, args) {

event.stopPropagation();

});

$emit, $broadcast, $on – Part1

$emit, $broadcast, $on – Part1

July 6, 2018July 10, 2018 admin847785456 1 Comment

How to use $rootScope:

As we know that $rootScope is the parent for $scope, to override the $rootScope we need to re-initialize the $rootScope variable with $scope

Let us see an example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>Broadcasting</title>

    <script src="/Scripts/angular.js"></script>   

</head>

<body ng-app="myApp">

    <div ng-controller="parentController">

     This is parent - {{empName}}

        <div ng-controller="childController">

         This is child - {{empName}}

        </div>

    </div>

</body>

</html>

<script>
   var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

    app.controller("parentController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {

        $rootScope.empName = "John Smith";

    })

    app.controller("childController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {
      
    })
</script>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Broadcasting</title>

</head>

This is parent - {{empName}}

This is child - {{empName}}

</div>

</body>

</html>

var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

app.controller("parentController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {

$rootScope.empName = "John Smith";

})

app.controller("childController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {

})

</script>

In this example we have injected $rootScope in both parent and child controllers.

As $rootScope variables will be available throughout the application we can now access the $rootScope variable anywhere in the application by just injecting the $rootScope

Output:

Now if we remove the $rootScope from Parent and initialize it in child controller, it works same.

<script>
   var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

    app.controller("parentController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {

    })

    app.controller("childController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {

         $rootScope.empName = "John Smith";
    })

</script>

var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

app.controller("parentController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {

})

app.controller("childController", function ($scope, $rootScope) {

$rootScope.empName = "John Smith";

})

</script>

Output:

How to pass data from parent controller to child

To pass the data from Parent Controller to Child, we need to extract parent controller $scope variable using $parent.

Example: In this example we will use only $scope.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>Broadcasting</title>

    <script src="/Scripts/angular.js"></script>  
 
</head>

<body ng-app="myApp">

<div ng-controller="parentController">

    This is parent - {{empName}}

      <div ng-controller="childController">

         This is child - {{$parent.empName}}

      </div>

 </div>

</body>

</html>

<script>  
   var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

    app.controller("parentController", function ($scope) {

        $scope.empName = "John Smith";

    })
    app.controller("childController", function ($scope) {
       
    })
</script>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Broadcasting</title>

</head>

This is parent - {{empName}}

This is child - {{$parent.empName}}

</div>

</body>

</html>

var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

app.controller("parentController", function ($scope) {

$scope.empName = "John Smith";

})

app.controller("childController", function ($scope) {

})

</script>

How to pass data from child controller to parent

To pass data from child to parent controllers using $scope we don’t have $child to take from child controller. But here I’ll show you one of the possible way to transfer data.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>Broadcasting</title>

    <script src="/Scripts/angular.js"></script>   

</head>

<body ng-app="myApp">

    <div ng-controller="parentController">

        This is parent - {{employee.empName}}

        <div ng-controller="childController">

            This is child - {{employee.empName}}

        </div>

    </div>

</body>

</html>

<script>  
   var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

    app.controller("parentController", function ($scope) {

        $scope.employee = {};

    })
    app.controller("childController", function ($scope) {

       $scope.employee.empName = "John Smith";

    })
</script>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Broadcasting</title>

</head>

This is parent - {{employee.empName}}

This is child - {{employee.empName}}

</div>

</body>

</html>

var app = angular.module("myApp", []);

app.controller("parentController", function ($scope) {

$scope.employee = {};

})

app.controller("childController", function ($scope) {

$scope.employee.empName = "John Smith";

})

</script>

In child controller initialize the empName in an object as $scope.employee.empName.
In parent controller declare an empty object naming with same object as $scope.employee = {}

Output:

$emit, $broadcast, $on – Part2

Automation Test Life Cycle

July 3, 2018July 4, 2018 admin847785456 1 Comment

Once you start automating test script you will get this work often. We talk about life cycle it mean end to end picture of that scenario, like we have a life cycle for development, for manual testing similarly we have in Automation as well. Today in this post we will discuss Automation test life cycle in short ATLC.

You all must be familiar with SDLC ( Software development life cycle ), STLC ( Software test life cycle ), so lets discuss ATLC ( Automation test life cycle ).

Please refer below image is the ATLC (Automation test life cycle diagram)

Automation test life cycle has 6 section

1- Automation feasibility analysis

2- Test Plan/Test Design

3- Environment Setup/Test lab setup

4-Test Script development/ Automation test case development

5-Test script execution

6- Generate test result / Analyses of result

Lets start each of the phase of Automation test life cycle

1- Automation feasibility analysis

The main objective of this phase will be to check feasibility of automation.
Which test case can be automated and how we can automate them.
Which module of your application can be tested and which can not be automated
Which tools we can use for our application (like Selenium, QTP, Sahi, OATS, Telrik etc) and which tools will be best of our application
Take following factors into consideration like Team size, Effort and cost involved for tools which we will use.

2- Test Plan/Test Design

In this phase you have to create a Test plan by considering below point into considerations.
Fetch all the manual test case from test management tool that which TC has to automate.
Which framework to use and what will be advantage and disadvantage of the framework which we will use.
Create a test suite for Automation test case in Test Management tool.
In test plan you can mention background, limitation, risk and dependency between application and tools.
Approval from client/ Stack holders.

3- Environment Setup/Test lab setup

By name itself you can understand that we need to setup machine or remote machine where our test case will execute.

In this section you can mention how many machine you want.
What should be the configuration in terms of hardware and software

4- Test Script development/ Automation test case development

In this phase you have to start develop automation script and make sure all test script is running fine and should be stable enough.

Start creating test script based on your requirement
Create some common method or function that you can reuse throughout your script
Make your script easy, reusable,well structured and well documented so if third person check your script then he/she can understand your scripts easily.
Use better reporting so in case of failing you can trace your code
Finally review your script and your script should be ready before consumption.

5 – Test script execution
Now its time for execution of test scripts, in this phase you have to execute all your test script.
Some points to remember while execution

Your script should cover all the functional requirement as per test case.
Your script should be stable so it should run in multiple environment and multiple browsers (depends on your requirement)
You can do batch execution also if possible so it will save time and effort.
In case of failure your script should take screen shots.
If test case is failing due to functionality, you have to raise a bug/defect.

6- Generate test result / Analyses of result

This is the last phase of Automation test life cycle in which we will gather test result and will share with team/client/stack holders.

Analyze the output and calculate how much time it take to complete the testcase.
You should have good report generation like XSLT report, TestNG report, ReporterNG etc.

Selenium Interview Questions

June 27, 2018June 27, 2018 admin847785456 Leave a comment

What is Automation Testing?

Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating the manual process to test the application/system under test. Automation testing involves the use of a separate testing tool which lets you create test scripts which can be executed repeatedly and doesn’t require any manual intervention.

What are the benefits of Automation Testing?

Benefits of Automation testing are:

Supports execution of repeated test cases
Aids in testing a large test matrix
Enables parallel execution
Encourages unattended execution
Improves accuracy thereby reducing human-generated errors
Saves time and money

Why should Selenium be selected as a test tool?

Selenium

is a free and open source
have a large user base and helping communities
have cross Browser compatibility (Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.)
have great platform compatibility (Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.)
supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Pearl etc.)
has fresh and regular repository developments
supports distributed testing

What is Selenium? What are the different Selenium components?

Selenium is one of the most popular automated testing suites. Selenium is designed in a way to support and encourage automation testing of functional aspects of web-based applications and a wide range of browsers and platforms. Due to its existence in the open source community, it has become one of the most accepted tools amongst the testing professionals.

Selenium is not just a single tool or a utility, rather a package of several testing tools and for the same reason, it is referred to as a Suite. Each of these tools is designed to cater different testing and test environment requirements.

The suite package constitutes of the following sets of tools:

Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool. It is distributed as a Firefox Plugin.
Selenium Remote Control (RC) – Selenium RC is a server that allows a user to create test scripts in the desired programming language. It also allows executing test scripts within the large spectrum of browsers.
Selenium WebDriver – WebDriver is a different tool altogether that has various advantages over Selenium RC. WebDriver directly communicates with the web browser and uses its native compatibility to automate.
Selenium Grid – Selenium Grid is used to distribute your test execution on multiple platforms and environments concurrently.

What are the testing types that can be supported by Selenium?

Selenium supports the following types of testing:

Functional Testing
Regression Testing

What are the limitations of Selenium?

Following are the limitations of Selenium:

Selenium supports testing of only web-based applications
Mobile applications cannot be tested using Selenium
Captcha and Barcode readers cannot be tested using Selenium
Reports can only be generated using third-party tools like TestNG or JUnit.
As Selenium is a free tool, thus there is no ready vendor support through the user can find numerous helping communities.
The user is expected to possess prior programming language knowledge.

When should I use Selenium IDE?

Selenium IDE is the simplest and easiest of all the tools within the Selenium Package. Its record and playback feature make it exceptionally easy to learn with minimal acquaintances to any programming language. Selenium IDE is an ideal tool for a naïve user.

What are the different types of locators in Selenium?

The locator can be termed as an address that identifies a web element uniquely within the webpage. Thus, to identify web elements accurately and precisely we have different types of locators in Selenium:

ID
ClassName
Name
TagName
LinkText
PartialLinkText
Xpath
CSS Selector

What is the difference between assert and verify commands?

Assert: Assert command checks whether the given condition is true or false. Let’s say we assert whether the given element is present on the web page or not. If the condition is true then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false, the execution would stop and no further test would be executed.

Verify: Verify command also checks whether the given condition is true or false. Irrespective of the condition being true or false, the program execution doesn’t halt i.e. any failure during verification would not stop the execution and all the test steps would be executed.

What is an XPath?

XPath is used to locate a web element based on its XML path. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and is used to store, organize and transport arbitrary data. It stores data in a key-value pair which is very much similar to HTML tags. Both being markup languages and since they fall under the same umbrella, XPath can be used to locate HTML elements.

The fundamental behind locating elements using XPath is the traversing between various elements across the entire page and thus enabling a user to find an element with the reference of another element.

What is the difference between “/” and “//” in Xpath?

Single Slash “/” – Single slash is used to create Xpath with absolute path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from the document node/start node.

Double Slash “//” – Double slash is used to create Xpath with relative path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from anywhere within the document.

When should I use Selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid can be used to execute same or different test scripts on multiple platforms and browsers concurrently so as to achieve distributed test execution, testing under different environments and saving execution time remarkably.

How do I launch the browser using WebDriver?

The following syntax can be used to launch Browser:

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

What is a framework?

The framework is a constructive blend of various guidelines, coding standards, concepts, processes, practices, project hierarchies, modularity, reporting mechanism, test data injections etc. to pillar automation testing.

What are the advantages of Automation framework?

The advantage of Test Automation framework

Reusability of code
Maximum coverage
Recovery scenario
Low-cost maintenance
Minimal manual intervention
Easy Reporting

Java Interview Questions:

Difference between Overloading and over riding

Method over Loading:

Method Overloading is performed with in Class
In Case of method overloading, Parameter is deferent
Return type can be same or different in method overloading. But you must have to change the parameter.

Example:

class Sum

{

    int add(int n1, int n2) 
    {
        return n1+n2;
    }

    int add(int n1, int n2, int n3) 
    {
        return n1+n2+n3;
    }

    int add(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4) 
    {
        return n1+n2+n3+n4;
    }

    int add(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4, int n5) 
    {
        return n1+n2+n3+n4+n5;
    }

    public static void main(String args[])
    {

    	Sum obj = new Sum();

    	System.out.println("Sum of two numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21));

    	System.out.println("Sum of three numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21, 22));

    	System.out.println("Sum of four numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21, 22, 23));

    	System.out.println("Sum of five numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21, 22, 23, 24));

    }
}

class Sum

{

int add(int n1, int n2)

{

return n1+n2;

}

int add(int n1, int n2, int n3)

{

return n1+n2+n3;

}

int add(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4)

{

return n1+n2+n3+n4;

}

int add(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4, int n5)

{

return n1+n2+n3+n4+n5;

}

public static void main(String args[])

{

Sum obj = new Sum();

System.out.println("Sum of two numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21));

System.out.println("Sum of three numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21, 22));

System.out.println("Sum of four numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21, 22, 23));

System.out.println("Sum of five numbers: "+obj.add(20, 21, 22, 23, 24));

}

Method overriding:

Method overriding occurs in two Classes that have Is-A (inheritance) relationships.
In Case of method overriding, parameter must be same.
Return Type must be same

Example:

class CarClass
{
    public int speedLimit() 
    {
        return 100;
    }
}

class Ford extends CarClass
{
    public int speedLimit()
    {
        return 150;
    }

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
    	CarClass obj = new Ford();

    	int num= obj.speedLimit();

    	System.out.println("Speed Limit is: "+num);
    }
}

class CarClass

{

public int speedLimit()

{

return 100;

}

class Ford extends CarClass

{

public int speedLimit()

{

return 150;

}

public static void main(String args[])

{

CarClass obj = new Ford();

int num= obj.speedLimit();

System.out.println("Speed Limit is: "+num);

}

Importance of Finally?

Finally block that used to execute important code such as closing connection, stream etc

Example:

class TestFinallyBlock
{  

  public static void main(String args[]){ 
 
  try
  {  

   int data=25/5; 
 
   System.out.println(data);  

  }  
  catch(NullPointerException e)
  {
    System.out.println(e);
  }  
  finally
  {
    System.out.println("finally block is always executed");
  }  

  System.out.println("rest of the code...");  

  }  

}

class TestFinallyBlock

{

public static void main(String args[]){

try

{

int data=25/5;

System.out.println(data);

}

catch(NullPointerException e)

{

System.out.println(e);

}

finally

{

System.out.println("finally block is always executed");

}

System.out.println("rest of the code...");

}

Difference between public, private, protect?

            | Class | Package | Subclass | Subclass | World
            |       |         |(same pkg)|(diff pkg)| 
————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————
public      |   +   |    +    |    +     |     +    |   +     
————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————
protected   |   +   |    +    |    +     |     +    |         
————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————
no modifier |   +   |    +    |    +     |          |    
————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————
private     |   +   |         |          |          |    

+: accessible
Blank: not accessible

————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————

public | + | + | + | + | +

————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————

protected | + | + | + | + |

————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————

no modifier | + | + | + | |

————————————+———————+—————————+——————————+——————————+————————

private | + | | | |

+: accessible

Blank: not accessible

Xamarin.Forms CarouselView with image indicators

June 5, 2018June 16, 2018 admin847785456 3 Comments

Download source code

Most of us when we are very familiar with Bootstrap carousel, we expect the same output in mobile CarouselView either. But the problem with Xamarin.Form CarouselView doesn’t provide us such CarouselView with Image Indicators.

So this article will help the crazy professionals

Step1: Create a Mobile App (Xamarin.forms) project

Open Visual Studio 2017 File New Project Choose Cross-Platform template choose Mobile App (Xamarin.Forms) Name it as CarouselViewApp Click on OK choose .Net Standard Click OK

Step2: Install CarouselView NuGet Package

Right click on CarouselViewApp Manage NuGet Packages type CarouselView.FormsPlugin and Install the package

Step3: Create a Model for Images as ImageModel.cs

Before that add the images in CarouselViewApp.Android Resource drawable

File: ImageModel.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace CarouselViewApp
{
    public class ImageModel
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string FullPath { get; set; }

        public List<ImageModel> GetData()
        {
            return new List<ImageModel>() {
           new ImageModel() { Name = "one", FullPath = "one.jpg" },
           new ImageModel() { Name = "two", FullPath = "two.jpeg" },
           new ImageModel() { Name = "three", FullPath = "three.jpeg" },
           new ImageModel() { Name = "four", FullPath = "four.jpg" },
           new ImageModel() { Name = "five", FullPath = "five.jpg" },
           new ImageModel() { Name = "six", FullPath = "six.jpg" },
           new ImageModel() { Name = "seven", FullPath = "seven.jpg" }
            };
        }

    }
}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

namespace CarouselViewApp

{

public class ImageModel

{

public string Name { get; set; }

public string FullPath { get; set; }

public List<ImageModel> GetData()

{

return new List<ImageModel>() {

new ImageModel() { Name = "one", FullPath = "one.jpg" },

new ImageModel() { Name = "two", FullPath = "two.jpeg" },

new ImageModel() { Name = "three", FullPath = "three.jpeg" },

new ImageModel() { Name = "four", FullPath = "four.jpg" },

new ImageModel() { Name = "five", FullPath = "five.jpg" },

new ImageModel() { Name = "six", FullPath = "six.jpg" },

new ImageModel() { Name = "seven", FullPath = "seven.jpg" }

};

}

Step4: Create ViewModel for MainPage.xaml

Right click on CarouselViewApp Add NewItem Visual C# Add new class MainPageViewModel.cs

File: MainPageViewModel.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Input;
using Xamarin.Forms;

namespace CarouselViewApp
{
   public class MainPageViewModel:INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private List<ImageModel> _lstImage;

        private int _position;

        //binding models
        public List<ImageModel> lstImage { get => _lstImage; set { _lstImage = value;onPropertyChanged(); } }

        public int position { get => _position; set { _position = value; onPropertyChanged(); } }

	//overriding onPropertyChanged from INotifyPropertyChanged interface
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        void onPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName]string propertyName = "") =>
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));

	//constructor
        public MainPageViewModel() {

            position = 0;

            img_clicked = new Command(ImageClicked);

            lstImage = new ImageModel().GetData();

        }

	
        public ICommand img_clicked { get; }

        //command click event for Image
        public void ImageClicked(object image)
        {
            var path = (image as Xamarin.Forms.Image).Source.ToString().Split(':')[1].Trim();

            position = lstImage.IndexOf(lstImage.Find(x => x.FullPath == path));
        }
    }
}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Input;

using Xamarin.Forms;

namespace CarouselViewApp

{

public class MainPageViewModel:INotifyPropertyChanged

{

private List<ImageModel> _lstImage;

private int _position;

//binding models

public List<ImageModel> lstImage { get => _lstImage; set { _lstImage = value;onPropertyChanged(); } }

public int position { get => _position; set { _position = value; onPropertyChanged(); } }

//overriding onPropertyChanged from INotifyPropertyChanged interface

public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

void onPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName]string propertyName = "") =>

PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));

//constructor

public MainPageViewModel() {

position = 0;

img_clicked = new Command(ImageClicked);

lstImage = new ImageModel().GetData();

}

public ICommand img_clicked { get; }

//command click event for Image

public void ImageClicked(object image)

{

var path = (image as Xamarin.Forms.Image).Source.ToString().Split(':')[1].Trim();

position = lstImage.IndexOf(lstImage.Find(x => x.FullPath == path));

}

Step5: Adding namespace in the MainPage.xaml

<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CarouselViewApp"
             x:Class="CarouselViewApp.MainPage"
             xmlns:forms="clr-namespace:CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions;assembly=CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions">

<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"

xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CarouselViewApp"

x:Class="CarouselViewApp.MainPage"

xmlns:forms="clr-namespace:CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions;assembly=CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions">

Step6: Assign BindingContext for MainPage.xaml.cs

File: MainPage.xaml.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Xamarin.Forms;

namespace CarouselViewApp
{
	public partial class MainPage : ContentPage
	{
		public MainPage()
		{
			InitializeComponent();

                        BindingContext = new MainPageViewModel();
		}
	}
}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using Xamarin.Forms;

namespace CarouselViewApp

{

public partial class MainPage : ContentPage

{

public MainPage()

{

InitializeComponent();

BindingContext = new MainPageViewModel();

}

Step7: Creating UI for MainPage.xaml

File: MainPage.xaml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CarouselViewApp"
             x:Class="CarouselViewApp.MainPage"
             xmlns:forms="clr-namespace:CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions;assembly=CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions">

    <StackLayout>

        <Grid>
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="60"/>

            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        </Grid>

        <!--Carousel View-->
        <AbsoluteLayout HeightRequest="300" Grid.Row="0">

            <forms:CarouselViewControl ItemsSource="{Binding lstImage}" Position="{Binding position}" VerticalOptions="FillAndExpand" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand">

                <forms:CarouselViewControl.ItemTemplate>

                    <DataTemplate>

                        <Image Source="{Binding FullPath}" AbsoluteLayout.LayoutBounds="0,0,1,300" AbsoluteLayout.LayoutFlags="WidthProportional" Aspect="Fill"/>

                    </DataTemplate>

                </forms:CarouselViewControl.ItemTemplate>

            </forms:CarouselViewControl>

        </AbsoluteLayout>

        
        <!--Indicators-->
        <RelativeLayout Grid.Row="1" 
							HeightRequest="100"
							VerticalOptions="Start">
            <ListView Rotation="270" ItemsSource="{Binding lstImage}" RowHeight="100" SeparatorVisibility="None"
                              RelativeLayout.XConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=RelativeToParent, Property=Width, Factor=0.5, Constant=-50}"
                              RelativeLayout.YConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=RelativeToParent, Property=Width, Factor=-0.5, Constant=50}"
                              RelativeLayout.WidthConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=Constant, Constant=100}"
                              RelativeLayout.HeightConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=RelativeToParent, Property=Width, Factor=1}"
                              CachingStrategy="RecycleElement" x:Name="reqImage">
                <ListView.ItemTemplate>

                    <DataTemplate>

                        <ViewCell>

                            <ContentView  Rotation="90" BackgroundColor="Transparent" Margin="0,0,5,0">

                                <AbsoluteLayout HeightRequest="60">

                                    <Image Source="{Binding FullPath}" AbsoluteLayout.LayoutBounds="0,0,1,60" AbsoluteLayout.LayoutFlags="WidthProportional" Aspect="Fill"  x:Name="img">

                                        <Image.GestureRecognizers>

                                            <TapGestureRecognizer Command="{Binding img_clicked}" CommandParameter="{x:Reference img}" BindingContext="{Binding Source={x:Reference reqImage}, Path=BindingContext}"/>

                                        </Image.GestureRecognizers>

                                    </Image>

                                </AbsoluteLayout>

                            </ContentView>

                        </ViewCell>

                    </DataTemplate>

                </ListView.ItemTemplate>

            </ListView>

        </RelativeLayout>

    </StackLayout>

</ContentPage>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"

xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CarouselViewApp"

x:Class="CarouselViewApp.MainPage"

xmlns:forms="clr-namespace:CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions;assembly=CarouselView.FormsPlugin.Abstractions">

<Grid>

<Grid.RowDefinitions>

</Grid.RowDefinitions>

<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

</Grid>

<forms:CarouselViewControl ItemsSource="{Binding lstImage}" Position="{Binding position}" VerticalOptions="FillAndExpand" HorizontalOptions="FillAndExpand">

<forms:CarouselViewControl.ItemTemplate>

</DataTemplate>

</forms:CarouselViewControl.ItemTemplate>

</forms:CarouselViewControl>

</AbsoluteLayout>

<RelativeLayout Grid.Row="1"

HeightRequest="100"

VerticalOptions="Start">

<ListView Rotation="270" ItemsSource="{Binding lstImage}" RowHeight="100" SeparatorVisibility="None"

RelativeLayout.XConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=RelativeToParent, Property=Width, Factor=0.5, Constant=-50}"

RelativeLayout.YConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=RelativeToParent, Property=Width, Factor=-0.5, Constant=50}"

RelativeLayout.WidthConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=Constant, Constant=100}"

RelativeLayout.HeightConstraint="{ConstraintExpression Type=RelativeToParent, Property=Width, Factor=1}"

CachingStrategy="RecycleElement" x:Name="reqImage">

<ListView.ItemTemplate>

<Image.GestureRecognizers>

</Image.GestureRecognizers>

</Image>

</AbsoluteLayout>

</ContentView>

</ViewCell>

</DataTemplate>

</ListView.ItemTemplate>

</ListView>

</RelativeLayout>

</StackLayout>

</ContentPage>

By using Image.GestureRecognizers, we are firing click events using MVVM Architecture
Rotation property for ListView helps us to set or get the current rotation of the element. Here we are rotating ListView to 270 deg
Here the indicators row in Grid is build using RelativeLayout.
RelativeLayout is used here to turn the ListView in Horizontal Direction
1. At first we move ListView into RelativeLayout, and maintaining the RelativeLayout HeightRequest.
2. Now we need to fit the ListView in RelativeLayout bounds, this we can do it by using RelativeLayout Constraints.
3. RelativeLayout.XConstraint, RelativeLayout.YContraint are used to fix the x,y positions. And then RelativeLayout.WidthConstraint is to set the width for image, RelativeLayout.HeightContraint is to set the height for image.
4. And the final step is to rotate the ContentView. This will first rotate the cell and the fit image into it.

output: Now run the application

Authentication and Authorization in ASP.NET Web API using Custom Filters

May 23, 2018May 23, 2018 admin847785456 7 Comments

Web API is a platform for building RESTful applications on DotNet Framework.
These API’s can be consumed from Console, Windows, Web, Mobile Applications.
As Web API is a part of core ASP.NET, it can be created on either MVC applications, or any other web applications.
Web API’s uses all the HTTP features like Request and Response headers, caching and so on…
Web API’s can return the data in various formats like
- string format
- Json format
- XML format
- BSON format

Step 1: Create a ASP.NET Web API application

Open Visual Studio –> File –> New –> Project –> choose template Web –> click on ASP.NET Web Application and provide name of the application–> choose Web API from the below check boxes –> Click OK

Step 2: Create a Model and inherit GenericIdentity from Security.Principal assembly

File: UserModel.cs

public class UserModel : GenericIdentity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Get/Set for password
        /// </summary>
        public string Password { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// Get/Set for UserName
        /// </summary>
        public string UserName { get; set; }       

        /// <summary>
        /// Basic Authentication Identity Constructor
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userName"></param>
        /// <param name="password"></param>
        public UserModel(string userName, string password)
            : base(userName, "Basic")
        {
            Password = password;
            UserName = userName;
        }
    }

public class UserModel : GenericIdentity

{

/// <summary>

/// Get/Set for password

/// </summary>

public string Password { get; set; }

/// <summary>

/// Get/Set for UserName

/// </summary>

public string UserName { get; set; }

/// <summary>

/// Basic Authentication Identity Constructor

/// </summary>

/// <param name="userName"></param>

/// <param name="password"></param>

public UserModel(string userName, string password)

: base(userName, "Basic")

{

Password = password;

UserName = userName;

}

Step 3: Now add a new class for Creating custom filter as MyAuthorization and inherit AuthorizationFilterAttribute and add the following assemblies MyAuthorization class.

File: MyAuthorization.cs

using System.Web.Http.Controllers;
using System.Web.Http.Filters;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Mvc.Filters;

using System.Web.Http.Controllers;

using System.Web.Http.Filters;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using System.Web.Mvc.Filters;

Step 4: Here is your CustomAuthorization Filter MyAutorization

public class MyAuthorization : AuthorizationFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            UserModel identity = FetchAuthHeader(actionContext);

           // After fetching identity here you can verify these credential from your database. 
           // If credential are not valid add response in the action Context with 
           // StatusCode as Unauthorized. 

            if (identity == null)
            {
                var dnsHost = actionContext.Request.RequestUri.DnsSafeHost;

                actionContext.Response = 
        new System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage() { StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized };
                
                actionContext.Response.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", string.Format("Authorization realm=\"{0}\"", dnsHost));
                
                return;
            }           
            base.OnAuthorization(actionContext);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is used for fetching credentials from the HttpClient Header.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filterContext"></param>
        /// <returns>UserModel</returns>
        protected virtual UserModel FetchAuthHeader(HttpActionContext filterContext)
        {
            string authHeaderValue = null;

            var authRequest = filterContext.Request.Headers.Authorization;

            if (authRequest != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(authRequest.Scheme) && authRequest.Scheme == "Authorization")
                authHeaderValue = authRequest.Parameter;

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(authHeaderValue))
                return null;

            authHeaderValue = Encoding.Default.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(authHeaderValue));

            var credentials = authHeaderValue.Split(':');

            return credentials.Length < 2 ? null : new UserModel(credentials[0], credentials[1]);

        }
}

public class MyAuthorization : AuthorizationFilterAttribute

{

public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext)

{

UserModel identity = FetchAuthHeader(actionContext);

// After fetching identity here you can verify these credential from your database.

// If credential are not valid add response in the action Context with

// StatusCode as Unauthorized.

if (identity == null)

{

var dnsHost = actionContext.Request.RequestUri.DnsSafeHost;

actionContext.Response =

new System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage() { StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized };

actionContext.Response.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", string.Format("Authorization realm=\"{0}\"", dnsHost));

return;

}

base.OnAuthorization(actionContext);

}

/// <summary>

/// This method is used for fetching credentials from the HttpClient Header.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="filterContext"></param>

/// <returns>UserModel</returns>

protected virtual UserModel FetchAuthHeader(HttpActionContext filterContext)

{

string authHeaderValue = null;

var authRequest = filterContext.Request.Headers.Authorization;

if (authRequest != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(authRequest.Scheme) && authRequest.Scheme == "Authorization")

authHeaderValue = authRequest.Parameter;

if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(authHeaderValue))

return null;

authHeaderValue = Encoding.Default.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(authHeaderValue));

var credentials = authHeaderValue.Split(':');

return credentials.Length < 2 ? null : new UserModel(credentials[0], credentials[1]);

}

Step 5: Now create an API Controller and add your custom filter. Here I’m adding for only one method for testing you can add it for the entire class or add it globally.

File: Global.asax

Add the below line in Application_Start( ), this registers our custom Filter for the entire application.

GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Filters.Add(new MyAuthorization ());

1	GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Filters.Add(new MyAuthorization ());

File: EmployeeAPIController.cs

public class EmployeeAPIController : ApiController
    {
       [MyAuthorization]
        // GET api/EmployeeAPI
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }

        // GET api/EmployeeAPI/5
        public string Get(int id)
        {
            return "value";
        }

        // POST EmployeeAPI /values
        public void Post([FromBody]string value)
        {
        }

        // PUT api/ EmployeeAPI /5
        public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
        {
        }

        // DELETE api/ EmployeeAPI /5
        public void Delete(int id)
        {
        }
    }

public class EmployeeAPIController : ApiController

{

[MyAuthorization]

// GET api/EmployeeAPI

public IEnumerable<string> Get()

{

return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };

}

// GET api/EmployeeAPI/5

public string Get(int id)

{

return "value";

}

// POST EmployeeAPI /values

public void Post([FromBody]string value)

{

}

// PUT api/ EmployeeAPI /5

public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)

{

}

// DELETE api/ EmployeeAPI /5

public void Delete(int id)

{

}

Step 6: Now create your GUI and on a button click write a server side method. Form this method you can communicate with API. In my case I took a console application.

If you run the web project you will get your local host URL, in my case it was http://localhost:58100/
Here in the authorization Header I have added my username and password in the given format username:password and encoding it to Base64 so that it provides security.
If you don’t pass valid credentials from here, in the method OnAuthorization it should add Unauthorized Response.

Step 7: Create console / windows/ web application to consume the API

Here I’ve created Console application.

File: Program.cs

public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler();

            HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

            var authorizationHeader = 
                         Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("phani:pass"));

            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = 
                         new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Authorization",authorizationHeader);
            var result 
               = client.GetAsync(new Uri("http://localhost:58100/api/EmployeeAPI/")).Result;

            var res = result.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result;       
    
            if (result.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Done" + result.StatusCode);
            }
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Error" + result.StatusCode);

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

public class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler();

HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

var authorizationHeader =

Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("phani:pass"));

client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization =

new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Authorization",authorizationHeader);

var result

= client.GetAsync(new Uri("http://localhost:58100/api/EmployeeAPI/")).Result;

var res = result.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result;

if (result.IsSuccessStatusCode)

{

Console.WriteLine("Done" + result.StatusCode);

}

else

Console.WriteLine("Error" + result.StatusCode);

Console.ReadLine();

}

Here HTTPClient is used to consume RESTful API’s.
And then creating the Authorization header to pass the username and password in format (username: password).
client.GetAsync consumes the API and returns the Result.
From the result we can check the Status Code.

Angular 4 Directives – Lesson 3.3

May 14, 2018June 1, 2018 admin847785456 Leave a comment

3.2 Attribute Directives

Here directive is just a class with decorator @Directive and this allows us to specify the directive’s selector.

Using custom attribute directive we can change the color, back-ground, font-size etc., of the HTML host element by using ElementRef
Renderer class is a built-in service that provides an abstraction for UI rendering manipulations.

Let’s create a custom attribute directive “ShowAlert”

Step 1: Create a folder and name it as CustomDirective: /src/app/CustomDirective

Step 2: Now create a typescript file to create your own attribute directive under the associated folder created. And then import Directive, ElementRef, HostListener, Renderer from @angular/core library.

Step 3: And provide your selector name, here I’ve named it as ShowAlert, and create a class that make this directive visible to the component i.e.,add export before the class.

File: app.myDirective.ts

import { Directive, ElementRef, HostListener, Renderer } from '@angular/core';

@Directive({
    selector: '[ShowAlert]'
})
export class FirstAttrDirective{}

import { Directive, ElementRef, HostListener, Renderer } from '@angular/core';

@Directive({

selector: '[ShowAlert]'

})

export class FirstAttrDirective{}

Step 4: Now define contructor for FirstAttrDirective class, and define the style and events using renderer.

For setting up styles,

Renderer.setElementStyle(rendererElement:any, styleName: string, styleValue: string)

(or)

ElementRef.nativeElement.style

For creating events,

Renderer.listen(parentElement: any, name: string, callBack: function)

export class FirstAttrDirective{
constructor(private el: ElementRef, private renderer: Renderer) {
        renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "cursor", "pointer");
        renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "color", "blue");

        renderer.listen(el.nativeElement, "mouseover", function () {
            renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "color", "red");
            el.nativeElement.style.fontSize = '24px';
            //renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "font-size", "24px");
        });
        renderer.listen(el.nativeElement, "mouseout", function () {
            renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "color", "blue");
            renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "font-size", "16px");
        });
        renderer.listen(el.nativeElement, "click", function () {
            alert("hello world");
        });
    }
}

export class FirstAttrDirective{

constructor(private el: ElementRef, private renderer: Renderer) {

renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "cursor", "pointer");

renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "color", "blue");

renderer.listen(el.nativeElement, "mouseover", function () {

renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "color", "red");

el.nativeElement.style.fontSize = '24px';

//renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "font-size", "24px");

});

renderer.listen(el.nativeElement, "mouseout", function () {

renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "color", "blue");

renderer.setElementStyle(el.nativeElement, "font-size", "16px");

});

renderer.listen(el.nativeElement, "click", function () {

alert("hello world");

});

}

Step 5: Create your component

File: app.component.ts

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
    selector: 'my-app',
    template: `<div ShowAlert color="blue"> Show Alert </div>`
})
export class AppComponent {}

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({

selector: 'my-app',

template: `<div ShowAlert color="blue"> Show Alert </div>`

})

export class AppComponent {}

Step 6: Add component and Directive in the declaration[ ] of the NgModule i.e., AppModule

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { FirstAttrDirective } from './app.myDirective';

@NgModule({
    imports: [BrowserModule],
    declarations: [
        AppComponent,
        FirstAttrDirective
    ],
    bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

import { FirstAttrDirective } from './app.myDirective';

@NgModule({

imports: [BrowserModule],

declarations: [

AppComponent,

FirstAttrDirective

bootstrap: [AppComponent]

})

export class AppModule { }

Step 7: Create a main.ts to bootstrap the NgModule

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';
platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';

import { AppModule } from './app.module';

platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);

Step 8: Create a HTML file in /src/

File: CustomDirective.html

Refer required scripts shim.min.js, zone.js, system.src.js, system.config.js and refer the main.js from CustomDirective folder

System.import('app/CustomDirective/main.js').catch(function (err) { console.error(err); });
<body>
    <my-app>Loading...</my-app>
</body>

System.import('app/CustomDirective/main.js').catch(function (err) { console.error(err); });

<body>

<my-app>Loading...</my-app>

</body>

Output: Default color will be blue, on mouseover font size get increased and changes its color to red, on mouseout will change color to blue and decrease its font size.

Tadaaaa.. 🙂